Pictorialism and Straight Photography were two opposing movements in early 20th-century American photography. Pictorialism aimed to make photos look like paintings, using soft focus and manipulation. Straight Photography, in contrast, embraced sharp focus and unaltered images.
Alfred Stieglitz played a pivotal role in both movements. He initially championed Pictorialism through the Photo-Secession group and Camera Work magazine. Later, Stieglitz shifted towards Straight Photography, influencing the development of modernist aesthetics in American art.
Pictorialism and the Photo-Secession
Alfred Stieglitz and the Photo-Secession Movement
Top images from around the web for Alfred Stieglitz and the Photo-Secession Movement HISTORIA DE LA FOTOGRAFÍA (VII) | Andén 27 View original
Is this image relevant?
CÁMARA OSCURA: Photo-secession View original
Is this image relevant?
HISTORIA DE LA FOTOGRAFÍA (VII) | Andén 27 View original
Is this image relevant?
CÁMARA OSCURA: Photo-secession View original
Is this image relevant?
1 of 3
Top images from around the web for Alfred Stieglitz and the Photo-Secession Movement HISTORIA DE LA FOTOGRAFÍA (VII) | Andén 27 View original
Is this image relevant?
CÁMARA OSCURA: Photo-secession View original
Is this image relevant?
HISTORIA DE LA FOTOGRAFÍA (VII) | Andén 27 View original
Is this image relevant?
CÁMARA OSCURA: Photo-secession View original
Is this image relevant?
1 of 3
Alfred Stieglitz pioneered art photography in America during the early 20th century
Founded Photo-Secession in 1902 promoted photography as a fine art form
Photo-Secession group advocated for artistic expression in photography
Published Camera Work magazine from 1903 to 1917 showcased Pictorialist photography
Established 291 Gallery in New York City exhibited photographs alongside modern art (paintings, sculptures)
Pictorialism: Aesthetic and Techniques
Pictorialism emerged as a photographic style in the late 19th century
Emphasized artistic interpretation over literal representation
Utilized soft focus created dreamy, atmospheric images
Employed manipulation techniques altered negatives and prints
Gum bichromate printing
Platinum printing
Hand-coloring
Aimed to emulate painting and other traditional art forms
Edward Steichen collaborated closely with Stieglitz on Photo-Secession projects
Steichen's "The Pond—Moonlight" (1904) exemplifies Pictorialist aesthetic
Clarence White specialized in intimate domestic scenes and portraits
White's "The Orchard" (1902) demonstrates soft focus and tonal manipulation
Gertrude Käsebier known for her emotive portraits and allegorical images
Alvin Langdon Coburn experimented with abstract compositions and vortographs
Straight Photography and Group f/64
Emergence of Straight Photography
Straight Photography developed as a reaction against Pictorialism in the 1920s
Emphasized sharp focus and clear, unmanipulated images
Paul Strand pioneered Straight Photography approach
Strand's "Wall Street" (1915) marked a shift towards modernist aesthetics
Focused on capturing the inherent qualities of the photographic medium
Group f/64: Principles and Key Members
Group f/64 formed in 1932 in San Francisco promoted Straight Photography
Named after the smallest aperture setting on large format cameras
Ansel Adams co-founded Group f/64 known for dramatic landscape photographs
Adams' "Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico" (1941) exemplifies sharp focus and tonal range
Edward Weston another founding member focused on abstract forms in nature
Weston's "Pepper No. 30" (1930) demonstrates precise detail and composition
Techniques and Aesthetic of Straight Photography
Utilized large format cameras produced high-resolution images
Employed small apertures (f/64) created deep depth of field
Emphasized pre-visualization imagined final print before taking the photograph
Practiced precise exposure and development techniques
Printed on glossy papers enhanced sharpness and tonal range
Explored abstract compositions and unconventional perspectives
Imogen Cunningham known for her botanical studies and portraits
Willard Van Dyke focused on social documentary photography