🧬 AP Biology

1.1

Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding

1.2

Elements of Life

1.3

Introduction to Biological Macromolecules

1.4

Properties of Biological Macromolecules

1.5

Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules

1.6

Nucleic Acids

Unit 2 – Cell Structure and Function

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2.0

Unit 2 Overview: Cell Structure and Function

2.1

Cell Structure: Subcellular Components

2.2

Cell Structure and Function

2.3

Cell Size

2.4

Plasma Membranes

2.5

Membrane Permeability

2.6

Membrane Transport

2.7

Facilitated Diffusion

2.8

Tonicity and Osmoregulation

2.9

Mechanisms of Transport

2.10

Cell Compartmentalization

2.11

Origins of Cell Compartmentalization

Unit 3 – Cellular Energetics

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3.0

Unit 3 Overview: Cellular Energetics

8 min read

3.1

Enzyme Structure

3.2

Enzyme Catalysis

3.3

Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function

3.4

Cellular Energy

3.5

Photosynthesis

3.6

Cellular Respiration

3.7

Fitness

Unit 4 – Cell Communication and Cell Cycle

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4.0

Unit 4 Overview: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle

4.1

Cell Communication

4.2

Introduction to Signal Transduction

4.3

Signal Transduction

4.4

Changes in Signal Transduction Pathways

4.5

Homeostasis & Feedback Loops

4.6

Cell Cycle

4.7

Regulation of Cell Cycle

Unit 5 – Heredity

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5.0

Unit 5 Overview: Heredity

5.1

Meiosis

5.2

Meiosis and Genetic Diversity

5.3

Mendelian Genetics

5.4

Non-Mendelian Genetics

5.5

Environmental Effects on Phenotype

5.6

Chromosomal Inheritance

Unit 6 – Gene Expression and Regulation

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6.0

Unit 6 Overview: Gene Expression and Regulation

6.1

DNA and RNA Structure

6.2

Replication

6.3

Transcription and RNA Processing

6.4

Translation

6.5

Regulation of Gene Expression

6.6

Gene Expression and Cell Specialization

6.7

Mutations

6.8

Biotechnology

7 min read

Unit 7 – Natural Selection

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7.0

Unit 7 Overview: Natural Selection

11 min read

7.1

Introduction to Natural Selection

7.2

Natural Selection

7.3

Artificial Selection

7.4

Population Genetics

7.5

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

7.6

Evidence of Evolution

7.7

Common Ancestry

7.8

Continuing Evolution

7.9

Phylogeny

7.10

Speciation

7.11

Extinction

7.12

Variations in Population

7.13

Origin of Life on Earth

Unit 8 – Ecology

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8.0

Unit 8 Overview: Ecology

9 min read

8.1

Responses to the Environment

8.2

Energy Flow Through Ecosystems

8.3

Population Ecology

8.4

Effect of Density of Populations

8.5

Community Ecology

8.6

Biodiversity

8.7

Disruptions to Ecosystems

Study Tools

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Download the 2024 AP Biology Cheatsheet PDF

1 min read

2024 AP Biology Exam Guide

12 min read

Frequently Asked Questions

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What Are the 5 Best Resources for AP Biology?

7 Tips From an A+ AP Biology Student

The Fluid Mosaic Model

Must Know About AP Biology Labs

23 min read

Exam Skills

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Score Higher on AP Biology 2024: MCQ Tips from Students

7 min read

Score Higher on AP Biology 2024: Tips for FRQ 1 - Interpreting and Evaluation Experimental Results

Score Higher on AP Biology 2024: Tips for FRQ 2 – Interpreting and Evaluating Experimental Results with Graphing

Score Higher on AP Biology 2024: Tips for FRQ 3 – Scientific Investigation

Score Higher on AP Biology 2024: Tips for FRQ 4 – Conceptual Analysis

Score Higher on AP Biology 2024: Tips for FRQ 5 – Analyze Model or Visual Representation

Score Higher on AP Biology 2024: Tips for FRQ 6 – Analyze Data

Unit 3 FRQ (Commercial Fertilizers) Answers

Unit 6 FRQ (Genetic Expression) with Feedback

Unit 4 FRQ (Blood Sugar Homeostasis)

Unit 4 FRQ (Cellular Regulatory Mechanisms) with Feedback

Unit 2 FRQ (Intercellular Transport) Answers

Unit 2 FRQ (Vacuole pH) with Feedback

Biology Multiple Choice Questions

AP Biology Free Response Questions (FRQ) – Past Prompts

34 min read

Biology Long Essay Free Response Questions

9 min read

Unit 4 FRQ (Blood Sugar Homeostasis) Answers

Unit 1 FRQ (Protein Powders)

Unit 6 FRQ (Genetic Mutations)

Unit 3 FRQ (Glycolysis) with Feedback

Unit 5 FRQ (Phenotypes) with Feedback

Unit 1 FRQ (Protein Powders) Answers

Unit 3 FRQ (Commercial Fertilizers)

Unit 5 FRQ (Punnett Squares)

Unit 7 FRQ (Evolutionary Advantages)

Unit 2 FRQ (Intercellular Transport)

Unit 8 FRQ (Invasive Species)

Biology Short Essay Free Response Questions

9 min read

Unit 5 FRQ (Punnett Squares) Answers

Long Free Response: Labs & Data

2019 Exam Review - Version O FRQ

Note Taking and Study Strategies - Slides

Note Taking and Study Strategies

How to FRQ

2015 FRQ Review

2016 FRQ Review

2017 FRQ Review

2018 FRQ Review

2019 FRQ Review

Previous Exam Prep

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AP Biology Unit 1 Review - Chemistry of Life