Nitrogen, a vital element for life, cycles through Earth's major reservoirs: atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and pedosphere. Its transformations, including fixation, nitrification , and denitrification , are crucial for ecosystem functioning and biological processes.
Understanding nitrogen's role in amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids highlights its importance for life. Factors like temperature, moisture, and pH influence nitrogen transfer rates, shaping ecosystem productivity and biodiversity. Human activities significantly impact these natural cycles.
Nitrogen Reservoirs in the Environment
Major nitrogen reservoirs
Top images from around the web for Major nitrogen reservoirs Biogeochemical Cycles | Boundless Biology View original
Is this image relevant?
Biogeochemical Cycles | Microbiology View original
Is this image relevant?
The Nitrogen Cycle | Biology for Majors II View original
Is this image relevant?
Biogeochemical Cycles | Boundless Biology View original
Is this image relevant?
Biogeochemical Cycles | Microbiology View original
Is this image relevant?
1 of 3
Top images from around the web for Major nitrogen reservoirs Biogeochemical Cycles | Boundless Biology View original
Is this image relevant?
Biogeochemical Cycles | Microbiology View original
Is this image relevant?
The Nitrogen Cycle | Biology for Majors II View original
Is this image relevant?
Biogeochemical Cycles | Boundless Biology View original
Is this image relevant?
Biogeochemical Cycles | Microbiology View original
Is this image relevant?
1 of 3
Atmosphere contains largest reservoir primarily as dinitrogen gas (N₂) accounting for ~78% of air composition
Lithosphere holds nitrogen in rocks and minerals containing nitrogen compounds and sedimentary rocks with organic matter (coal, oil shale)
Hydrosphere encompasses oceans, lakes, and rivers with dissolved organic and inorganic nitrogen compounds (nitrate, ammonium )
Biosphere includes living organisms and dead organic matter (detritus) storing nitrogen in tissues and waste products
Pedosphere (soil) contains organic nitrogen in soil organic matter and inorganic nitrogen forms (ammonium, nitrate) available for plant uptake
Nitrogen fixation converts N₂ to biologically available forms through biological fixation by microorganisms (rhizobia ), industrial fixation (Haber-Bosch process ), and lightning fixation
Nitrification oxidizes ammonium to nitrite and then nitrate performed by nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas , Nitrobacter )
Denitrification reduces nitrate to N₂ gas occurs in anaerobic conditions by denitrifying bacteria (Pseudomonas )
Ammonification converts organic nitrogen to ammonium through decomposition of dead organic matter by soil microbes
Assimilation uptakes inorganic nitrogen by organisms incorporates into organic compounds (amino acids, proteins)
Volatilization loses ammonia gas to the atmosphere from soil and water surfaces
Leaching moves dissolved nitrogen compounds through soil potentially contaminating groundwater
Importance of nitrogen for life
Essential component of amino acids and proteins forms structural and functional molecules in cells
Crucial for nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) stores and transfers genetic information
Key element in chlorophyll molecules enables photosynthesis in plants
Involved in energy transfer compounds (ATP) facilitates cellular energy metabolism
Required for enzyme production and function catalyzes biochemical reactions
Vital for plant growth and development influences crop yields and quality
Influences ecosystem productivity and biodiversity shapes community structure and interactions
Factors in nitrogen transfer rates
Temperature affects microbial activity and chemical reaction rates accelerating processes in warmer conditions
Moisture impacts soil microbial processes and plant uptake optimal levels enhance nitrogen cycling
pH influences nitrogen availability and microbial activity affects solubility and speciation of nitrogen compounds
Oxygen availability determines aerobic or anaerobic processes influences nitrification and denitrification rates
Soil texture and structure affects water retention and gas exchange impacts nitrogen movement and microbial habitats
Vegetation type and density influences nitrogen uptake and cycling through root systems and litter production
Land use and management practices such as fertilizer application , tillage, and crop rotation alter nitrogen dynamics
Climate and weather patterns including precipitation, seasonality, and extreme events affect nitrogen cycling processes
Microbial community composition presence of specific nitrogen-cycling organisms (nitrifiers, denitrifiers) determines transformation rates
Anthropogenic activities such as industrial emissions, agricultural practices, and urbanization modify natural nitrogen cycles