Decentralized applications (DApps) are revolutionizing how we interact with digital services. They combine smart contracts, user-friendly interfaces, and decentralized storage to create trustless, transparent systems. Unlike traditional apps, DApps operate on blockchain networks, eliminating single points of failure.
DApp architecture consists of interconnected layers that work together seamlessly. The user interface communicates with smart contracts, which interact with the blockchain and decentralized storage. This structure ensures data integrity, censorship resistance, and automatic execution of predefined conditions, making DApps more secure and resilient than centralized alternatives.
DApp Architecture and Components
Components of DApp architecture
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Blockchain and smart contract for IoT enabled smart agriculture [PeerJ] View original
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Design of the Blockchain Smart Contract: A Use Case for Real Estate View original
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Blockchain and smart contract for IoT enabled smart agriculture [PeerJ] View original
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Smart contracts
Self-executing contracts with agreement terms directly written into code
Stored and replicated on a blockchain network (Ethereum, EOS)
Automatically execute when predetermined conditions are met
Ensure trust, transparency, and immutability in transactions
Frontend interfaces
User-facing component of a DApp allows interaction with smart contracts and blockchain
Built using web technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
Communicate with the blockchain through APIs or libraries (Web3.js)
Enable users to view and interact with DApp functionality
Decentralized storage
Distributed file storage systems used to store and retrieve data in a DApp
Examples include IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) and Swarm
Ensure data integrity, availability, and censorship resistance
Files are split into smaller pieces, encrypted, and distributed across multiple nodes
Prevents data loss and enables decentralized access to information
Interactions in DApp stack
User interface layer
Users interact with the DApp through a web browser or mobile app
Communicates with the smart contract layer via APIs or libraries (Web3.js)
Sends user requests and receives responses from the backend
Smart contract layer
Contains the business logic and rules of the DApp
Interacts with the blockchain layer to execute transactions and store data
Emits events to notify the user interface layer of state changes
Enables trustless execution of predefined conditions