and are key techniques in brain-computer interfaces. ERPs measure to specific stimuli, while SSVEPs use repetitive visual stimuli to elicit brain responses at matching frequencies.
These methods enable various BCI applications, from P300 spellers to virtual keyboards and wheelchair control. Each approach has unique advantages and limitations, impacting their suitability for different use cases and user needs in BCI development.
ERP and SSVEP-based BCIs
Principles of event-related potentials
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ERPs time-locked neural responses to specific stimuli or events measured as voltage fluctuations in EEG recordings
Components of ERPs
P300 wave positive deflection occurring around 300ms after stimulus onset associated with (, )
negative deflection around 170ms after stimulus presentation linked to face perception and processing
ERP-based BCI applications
allows users to select letters by focusing on flashing characters
enable non-verbal individuals to express needs
assesses alertness and in real-time
Concept of steady-state visually evoked potentials
SSVEPs neural responses to repetitive visual stimuli with brain response frequency matching stimulus frequency
SSVEP generation
Presented through flickering lights or alternating patterns
Typically uses frequencies between 3.5 and 75 Hz to elicit distinct neural responses