2.3 Modern Developments and Paradigm Shifts

Information processing revolutionized cognitive psychology, shifting focus from behaviorism to mental processes. Key models like Atkinson-Shiffrin and Baddeley-Hitch shaped our understanding of memory, while experimental methods probed information flow in the mind.

Computer science and cognitive neuroscience further transformed the field. Computational modeling and AI approaches simulate cognition, while brain imaging techniques reveal neural correlates of cognitive functions. Social factors like culture and context also play crucial roles in shaping cognitive processes.

Information Processing and Cognitive Science

Impact of information processing approach

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• Information processing approach conceptualizes mind as information processor analogous to computer operations
• Key contributions shifted focus from behaviorism to cognitive processes introduced mental representations
• Influential models like Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model and Baddeley-Hitch working memory model shaped field
• Research methodologies employed experimental paradigms to study information flow used reaction time studies
• Cognitive architecture viewed cognitive processes as modular emphasized sequential processing stages

Role of computer science in cognition

• Computational modeling simulates cognitive processes tests and refines theories
• AI approaches utilize machine learning algorithms neural networks and deep learning
• Human-computer interaction informs user interface design applies cognitive ergonomics
• Cognitive architectures in AI include ACT-R and SOAR model human cognition
• Big data analysis recognizes patterns in cognitive processes examines large-scale behavioral data

Interdisciplinary Approaches and Sociocultural Factors

Emergence of cognitive neuroscience

• Neuroimaging technologies (fMRI, EEG, PET) revolutionized brain activity observation
• Cognitive neuroscience methods like ERPs and TMS probe brain-behavior relationships
• Brain-behavior relationships localize cognitive functions identify neural correlates
• Neuroplasticity demonstrates brain changes from experience and learning impacts cognitive rehabilitation
• Cognitive deficits and brain damage studies inform theories guide neuropsychological assessments

Social factors in cognitive psychology

• Cross-cultural cognitive psychology examines variations in processes across cultures (perception, memory)
• Social cognition explores theory of mind and perspective-taking influences on attention and memory
• Embodied cognition emphasizes body's role in shaping cognitive processes (gestures, posture)
• Situated cognition highlights context-dependent nature of processes enhances ecological validity
• Socio-economic factors impact cognitive development and performance inform educational practices
• Ethical considerations address cultural biases in testing ensure diverse representation in research samples