2.4 Political and military organization of the Triple Alliance

The Triple Alliance, formed by Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan, was the backbone of Aztec political power. Each city-state had a Tlatoani as supreme leader, with Tenochtitlan emerging as the dominant force in the alliance.

Militarily, the Aztecs organized warriors into elite classes like Jaguar and Eagle warriors. They used rigorous training, specialized combat techniques, and a clear chain of command to build a formidable fighting force that expanded their empire.

Political Structure

Triple Alliance Structure and Leadership

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• Triple Alliance formed by three city-states Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan
• Tenochtitlan emerged as the dominant power within the alliance
• Texcoco served as the cultural and intellectual center of the alliance
• Tlacopan provided military support and resources to the alliance
• Tlatoani ruled as the supreme leader of each city-state
• Cihuacoatl acted as the chief advisor and administrator to the Tlatoani
• Council of Four comprised of high-ranking nobles who advised the Tlatoani on important matters

Governance and Administration

• Tlatoani exercised absolute power over their respective city-states
• Cihuacoatl managed day-to-day operations and oversaw bureaucratic functions
• Council of Four participated in decision-making processes for warfare, diplomacy, and internal affairs
• Complex system of tribute collection and redistribution maintained the alliance's economic stability
• Hierarchical social structure divided society into nobles, commoners, and slaves
• Local governors (calpixque) appointed to administer conquered territories
• Judicial system enforced laws and settled disputes within the alliance

Military Organization

Warrior Classes and Training

• Tecutli represented the highest-ranking military officers and nobles
• Jaguar warriors formed an elite class of soldiers known for their strength and ferocity
• Eagle warriors constituted another prestigious warrior group associated with the sun and sky
• Rigorous training programs prepared young men for military service from an early age
• Warrior societies (calpulli) organized soldiers based on their social status and military prowess
• Specialized combat techniques and weapons training enhanced the effectiveness of Aztec warriors
• Religious rituals and ceremonies played a crucial role in preparing warriors for battle

Military Hierarchy and Strategy

• Clear chain of command established from the Tlatoani down to individual unit leaders
• Military units organized by experience, skill level, and social rank
• Tactical formations employed to maximize the effectiveness of different warrior types
• Extensive use of scouts and spies to gather intelligence on enemy forces and terrain
• Supply lines and logistical support systems ensured troops remained well-equipped during campaigns
• Siege warfare techniques developed for conquering fortified cities and settlements
• Naval forces utilized for transportation and combat on Lake Texcoco and other bodies of water
• Psychological warfare tactics employed to intimidate enemies and demoralize opposing forces