Chromosomes are the carriers of our genetic blueprint, packaging DNA into compact structures. They come in two flavors: autosomes for general traits and for gender determination. Their proper function is crucial for cell division and overall health.
During cell division, chromosomes undergo a remarkable transformation. They condense into tightly packed structures, ensuring accurate separation and distribution of genetic material to daughter cells. This process is essential for maintaining genetic stability across generations.
Chromosome Structure and Function
Structure of chromosomes
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Sex-linked traits inherited differently in males and females due to presence of one or two X chromosomes (X-linked recessive disorders more common in males)
Chromosome condensation in cell division
Chromosome condensation is gradual process of chromatin compaction during cell cycle
Occurs primarily during prophase of mitosis and meiosis
Involves coiling and folding of chromatin fibers to form tightly packed chromosomes (10,000-fold compaction)
Significance of chromosome condensation
Allows for accurate separation of sister chromatids during anaphase
Prevents chromosomes from becoming entangled or damaged during cell division
Facilitates equal distribution of genetic material to daughter cells
Condensation process mediated by condensin protein complexes
Involves formation of loops and coils in chromatin fiber
Histone modifications (phosphorylation) play a role in regulating condensation