Modern philosophy tackled big questions about knowledge, reality, and . Thinkers like and wrestled with how we know things, what's real, and where our ideas come from. It was a time of deep thinking about the mind, the world, and our place in it.
These philosophers also dug into political ideas that still shape our world today. They asked who should be in charge and why, coming up with theories about social contracts and individual rights. Their debates about freedom, government, and society laid the groundwork for modern democracy.
Central Questions of Modern Philosophy
Epistemological Inquiries
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Modern philosophy addressed key epistemological questions focused on human knowledge limits and reliability of sensory experience versus reason
Problem of and nature of causal relationships became central concern (David Hume's works)
Philosophers explored and nature of , investigating and continuity over time
Relationship between God and natural world sparked debates about and intervention
Metaphysical and Ethical Considerations
Nature of reality and distinction between appearance and essence explored through metaphysical theories (, )
Ethical questions concerning morality foundations and nature of extensively debated
Origins and legitimacy of investigated, leading to development
Epistemology in Modern Philosophy
Rationalism vs. Empiricism
became central focus, shifting emphasis from metaphysics to knowledge acquisition
Debate between and emerged as key divide
Rationalists emphasized reason and innate ideas (Descartes, )