connects algebra and geometry by studying modules with in ideals. It uses Čech complexes to measure how deeply an ideal "cuts into" a module, revealing important structural information about rings and modules.
Local cohomology has deep connections to duality theories. links finitely generated and , while relates local cohomology to . These tools provide powerful insights into module structure and ring properties.
Local Cohomology and Čech Complex
Definition and Construction of Local Cohomology
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HIi(M) associates to an R-module M and an ideal I⊂R the i-th local cohomology module of M with support in I
Constructed using the , a cochain complex associated to a cover of a topological space
For an ideal I=(f1,…,fn), the Čech complex is Cˇ∙(f1,…,fn;M)
The i-th local cohomology module is the i-th cohomology of this complex HIi(M)=Hi(Cˇ∙(f1,…,fn;M))
Local cohomology measures the of a module, the length of a maximal M-sequence in I
depthI(M)=inf{i∣HIi(M)=0}
Properties and Vanishing Theorems
Local cohomology modules HIi(M) are I- annihilated by a power of I
Vanishing theorems give conditions for the local cohomology modules to be zero
For a noetherian ring R, HIi(M)=0 for i>dimR(M) ()
If I is generated by n elements, then HIi(M)=0 for i>n regardless of the dimension of M
Computing examples of local cohomology using the Čech complex for specific ideals and modules (polynomial ring k[x,y] and the ideal (x,y))
Duality in Local Cohomology
Support and Matlis Duality
The support of an R-module M is the set of primes Supp(M)={P∈Spec(R)∣MP=0}
Equivalently, the support is the variety of the annihilator ideal Ann(M)
Matlis duality establishes a duality between finitely generated modules over a complete local ring and artinian modules
For a complete local ring (R,m) and a finitely generated R-module M, the Matlis dual is M∨=HomR(M,E(R/m)) where E(R/m) is the of the residue field
Matlis duality gives an equivalence of categories between finitely generated R-modules and artinian R-modules
Local Duality Theorem
Local duality relates the local cohomology of a M over a local ring (R,m) with the Matlis dual of the local cohomology of the Matlis dual M∨
For a of dimension d, there are isomorphisms Hmi(M)≅ExtRd−i(M,ωR)∨ where ωR is the
Consequences and applications of local duality
Relates the depth of a module to the smallest non-vanishing Ext module ()
Gives a duality between the local cohomology of a ring and its canonical module ()
Examples illustrating local duality for specific local rings and modules (regular local rings, Gorenstein local rings)