4.2 Types of Interview Questions and Techniques

Interviews are all about asking the right questions. From closed-ended to probing, leading to hypothetical, each type serves a purpose. Mastering these question types helps journalists gather accurate info and dig deeper into stories.

But it's not just what you ask—it's how you ask it. Structuring interviews, active listening, and reading nonverbal cues are key skills. These techniques create a comfortable environment for sources to open up and share valuable insights.

Question Types

Closed-Ended and Probing Questions

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• Closed-ended questions elicit specific, limited responses from interviewees
  • Often answered with "yes," "no," or short factual statements
  • Useful for gathering precise information or confirming facts (What is your current job title?)
• Probing questions encourage interviewees to elaborate on their initial responses
  • Follow up on closed-ended questions to gain deeper insights
  • Open-ended in nature, prompting detailed explanations (Can you tell me more about your responsibilities in that role?)
• Combining closed-ended and probing questions creates a comprehensive interview structure
  • Start with closed-ended questions to establish basic facts
  • Use probing questions to explore topics in greater depth

Leading and Hypothetical Questions

• Leading questions guide interviewees towards specific answers or conclusions
  • Can introduce bias into the interview process
  • Should be used cautiously to avoid influencing responses (Don't you think the company's new policy is unfair?)
• Hypothetical questions present imaginary scenarios for interviewees to consider
  • Assess problem-solving skills and decision-making abilities
  • Reveal interviewees' thought processes and values (How would you handle a conflict between two team members?)
• Both question types require careful phrasing to maintain objectivity
  • Avoid overly suggestive language in leading questions
  • Ensure hypothetical scenarios are relevant and realistic

Reflection and Clarification Questions

• Reflection questions prompt interviewees to analyze their own experiences or opinions
  • Encourage self-awareness and introspection
  • Help interviewees articulate their thoughts and feelings (How did that experience shape your career goals?)
• Clarification questions seek to resolve ambiguities or misunderstandings
  • Ensure accurate interpretation of interviewee responses
  • Demonstrate active listening and engagement (When you mentioned "challenging environment," what specifically did you mean?)
• Both question types enhance the quality and depth of information gathered
  • Reflection questions uncover personal insights and motivations
  • Clarification questions improve the accuracy of the interview data

Interview Techniques

Structuring the Interview

• Funnel technique organizes questions from general to specific
  • Begins with broad, open-ended questions to establish context
  • Gradually narrows focus to more detailed, specific inquiries
  • Helps interviewees feel comfortable before addressing complex topics
• Silence technique involves strategic pauses during the interview
  • Allows interviewees time to reflect and elaborate on their responses
  • Can prompt additional information without asking direct questions
  • Requires patience and careful timing from the interviewer

Active Listening and Rapport Building

• Active listening involves fully engaging with the interviewee's responses
  • Pay attention to both verbal and nonverbal cues
  • Demonstrate understanding through appropriate follow-up questions
  • Summarize or paraphrase responses to ensure accurate comprehension
• Building rapport establishes trust and comfort between interviewer and interviewee
  • Begin with casual conversation to create a relaxed atmosphere
  • Show genuine interest in the interviewee's experiences and perspectives
  • Maintain a professional yet approachable demeanor throughout the interview

Nonverbal Communication Techniques

• Maintaining eye contact conveys attentiveness and engagement
  • Balances between steady gaze and natural breaks to avoid discomfort
  • Adapts to cultural norms and individual preferences regarding eye contact
• Using nonverbal cues enhances communication and rapport
  • Employ appropriate facial expressions to show interest and understanding
  • Use subtle nodding to encourage continued responses
  • Maintain open body language to create a welcoming environment
• Interpreting interviewee's nonverbal cues provides additional insights
  • Observe body language and facial expressions for signs of discomfort or enthusiasm
  • Adjust questioning approach based on nonverbal feedback