15.2 Understanding print media and inks

Print media and inks play a crucial role in photography. From glossy to matte, each paper type offers unique qualities that can enhance or subdue your images. Understanding these differences helps you choose the perfect medium for your shots.

Ink types also impact your final product. Dye-based inks offer vibrant colors, while pigment-based inks provide longevity. Knowing when to use each type can elevate your prints from good to great, ensuring your photos look their best for years to come.

Print Media and Inks

Types of print media

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• Glossy paper has a smooth, shiny surface that enhances color saturation and contrast, ideal for photographs and images with vibrant colors (portraits, landscapes)
• Matte paper features a non-reflective, smooth surface that produces subdued color reproduction, suitable for text-heavy documents and fine art prints (invitations, brochures)
  • Fingerprint-resistant and minimizes glare, making it easier to view in various lighting conditions
• Fine art paper boasts textured surfaces like watercolor, canvas, or velvet, acid-free and archival quality, enhancing the perceived value and artistic appeal of prints (gallery exhibitions, limited edition prints)
• Photo paper is specially coated for optimal color reproduction, available in various finishes such as glossy, semi-gloss, lustre, or pearl
  • Designed for longevity and fade-resistance, thicker and more durable than regular paper (wedding albums, professional portfolios)

Properties of ink types

• Dye-based inks consist of dissolved colorants in liquid, producing vibrant colors and a wide color gamut
  • Affordable and suitable for everyday printing (school projects, home use)
  • Less resistant to fading and moisture compared to pigment inks
• Pigment-based inks contain fine particles of color suspended in liquid, offering excellent fade-resistance and archival properties
  • Slightly narrower color gamut compared to dye-based inks but ideal for long-lasting, professional-quality prints (art reproductions, photography)
  • More expensive than dye-based inks
• Solvent-based inks are used in large-format and outdoor signage printing, extremely durable and waterproof
  • Can print on a variety of surfaces, including vinyl and plastic (banners, vehicle wraps)
  • Require specialized printers and ventilation due to strong odor

Media and ink selection

• For photo prints, use glossy or lustre photo paper with dye-based or pigment-based inks to ensure accurate color reproduction and longevity
• When creating fine art prints, choose fine art paper with pigment-based inks to provide archival quality and enhance artistic expression
• Proofing and portfolios benefit from matte paper with pigment-based inks, offering a professional look and feel while maintaining color accuracy
• For outdoor signage and banners, select vinyl or weatherproof media with solvent-based inks to ensure durability and resistance to elements (rain, sun exposure)

Impact of paper characteristics

• Paper weight is measured in grams per square meter (gsm) or pounds (lbs), with heavier paper (higher gsm/lbs) feeling more substantial and durable
  • Thicker paper minimizes show-through and provides better support for ink absorption
• Texture affects print appearance and feel, with smooth textures allowing for sharp, detailed prints while textured surfaces like watercolor or canvas add artistic character
  • Rough textures may affect ink absorption and detail reproduction
• Finish influences the visual impact of prints
  1. Glossy finish enhances color vibrancy and contrast but may cause glare
  2. Matte finish provides a subtle, non-reflective appearance
  3. Satin, semi-gloss, or lustre finishes offer a balance between gloss and matte
• Choice of finish depends on intended viewing conditions (indoor vs outdoor) and personal preference