3.2 Fundamental principles of Jain philosophy

Jain philosophy offers a unique perspective on reality and the soul. Its core principles, like Anekantavada and Syadvada, encourage seeing truth from multiple angles, while the concept of Jiva emphasizes the eternal nature of consciousness in all living beings.

Jainism's understanding of karma and the path to liberation provides a framework for spiritual growth. Through practices like non-violence and the Three Jewels, followers aim to break the karmic cycle and achieve Moksha, freeing the soul from bondage.

Core Principles of Jain Philosophy

Central tenets of Jain philosophy

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• Anekantavada emphasizes reality's multi-faceted nature, acknowledging truth from diverse perspectives (quantum mechanics, cultural relativism)
• Syadvada employs seven-fold predication to express reality's nature, using "syat" to indicate possibility (it may exist, it may not exist)
• Nayavada recognizes partial truths from different viewpoints, promoting consideration of multiple perspectives (blind men and elephant parable)

Jain concept of soul

• Jiva exists eternally, uncreated, possessing consciousness and knowledge in all living beings (humans, animals, plants)
• Souls become entangled with ajiva, causing bondage and suffering through karmic accumulation
• Soul possesses infinite knowledge, perception, bliss, and energy, obscured by karmic matter

Karma in Jain understanding

• Karma comprises subtle matter attracted to the soul by passions and actions, weighing it down
• Destructive karma obscures soul's inherent qualities, non-destructive karma determines external circumstances
• Karmic bondage causes rebirth in various life forms, shaping future lives' conditions
• Breaking karmic cycle requires ceasing new karma accumulation and shedding existing particles through austerities and meditation

Path to liberation in Jainism

• Moksha represents complete freedom from karmic bondage, soul regaining inherent qualities
• Three Jewels guide spiritual progress: right faith, knowledge, and conduct
• 14 Gunasthanas mark stages of spiritual development, from delusion to omniscience
• Practices for advancement include non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, celibacy, and non-possession