The male gaze , coined by Laura Mulvey in 1975, describes how media depicts the world from a masculine perspective, positioning women as objects of desire. This concept has shaped film techniques, narratives, and character development, reflecting and reinforcing patriarchal power structures in society.
Challenging the male gaze involves various strategies, from creating female-centered storylines to employing non-objectifying cinematography . Theories of female spectatorship , including resistant viewing and negotiated reading , offer alternative ways to interpret and engage with media representations of gender.
Understanding the Male Gaze
Concept of male gaze
Top images from around the web for Concept of male gaze The Male Gaze | Nikko | Flickr View original
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Laura Mulvey - Wikimedia Commons View original
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Explainer: what does the 'male gaze' mean, and what about a female gaze? View original
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The Male Gaze | Nikko | Flickr View original
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Laura Mulvey - Wikimedia Commons View original
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Top images from around the web for Concept of male gaze The Male Gaze | Nikko | Flickr View original
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Laura Mulvey - Wikimedia Commons View original
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Explainer: what does the 'male gaze' mean, and what about a female gaze? View original
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The Male Gaze | Nikko | Flickr View original
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Laura Mulvey - Wikimedia Commons View original
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Laura Mulvey coined in 1975 essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema "
Describes how visual arts and media depict world from masculine perspective
Positions women as objects of male pleasure and desire
Reflects and reinforces patriarchal power structures in society
Influences film techniques, narrative structures, and character development (camera angles, plot focus)
Theories of female spectatorship
Resistant spectatorship (bell hooks ) challenges dominant readings of films
Negotiated reading (Stuart Hall ) allows viewers to interpret media through personal lens
Female gaze offers alternative focusing on women's experiences and perspectives
Cross-gender identification explores women relating to male characters
Queer theory examines non-binary viewing experiences and subverts heteronormativity
Male gaze vs female objectification
Fragmentation of female bodies through close-ups and framing
Voyeuristic camera angles emphasize physical attributes
Limited agency and development for female characters
Reinforces gender stereotypes and beauty standards
Intersects with other forms of oppression (race, class)
Strategies for challenging male gaze
Create female-centered storylines and ensemble casts
Employ non-objectifying cinematography techniques
Develop complex, multi-dimensional female characters
Hire diverse directors and crew members
Subvert traditional genre tropes and create new female-centric genres
Encourage critical viewing and discussions on gender representation