An Essay on Criticism

Definition

An Essay on Criticism is a philosophical poem written by Alexander Pope in 1709 that reflects on the nature of literary criticism and offers guidelines for critics and writers. This work emphasizes the importance of reason and the adherence to classical ideals, asserting that true art is rooted in nature and morality. It embodies key neoclassical principles by focusing on order, harmony, and restraint in both literature and art.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pope's essay is structured into three main parts: the first discusses the nature of criticism, the second critiques human folly in judgment, and the third presents an ideal of true poetic inspiration.
2. The opening lines famously state that 'to err is human,' highlighting the fallibility of critics while calling for humility in judgment.
3. Pope emphasizes the need for critics to understand both nature and the rules of poetry, advocating for a balance between reason and passion.
4. The poem uses heroic couplets, showcasing Pope's mastery of form and reinforcing the neoclassical emphasis on structure.
5. Pope's work serves as a foundational text in English literary criticism, influencing later generations of writers and critics with its exploration of art and morality.

Review Questions

• How does Pope's An Essay on Criticism reflect the principles of neoclassicism?
  • Pope's An Essay on Criticism embodies neoclassical principles through its focus on order, structure, and adherence to classical ideals. The poem emphasizes rationality over emotionalism, urging critics to use reason when judging literary works. By advocating for an understanding of nature as the basis for true art, Pope aligns his views with neoclassicism's emphasis on harmony and restraint. The work also encourages imitation of classical authors, which was a core tenet of the neoclassical movement.
• Discuss how Pope addresses the concept of human fallibility in An Essay on Criticism and its implications for literary criticism.
  • In An Essay on Criticism, Pope acknowledges human fallibility by stating 'to err is human,' suggesting that all critics are prone to mistakes. This admission serves as a reminder that criticism is subjective and that personal biases can cloud judgment. By emphasizing humility among critics, Pope implies that those who critique literature should be aware of their limitations. This understanding promotes a more thoughtful approach to criticism, encouraging critics to seek wisdom from nature and classical models rather than rely solely on their opinions.
• Evaluate how An Essay on Criticism has influenced modern literary criticism and its relevance today.
  • An Essay on Criticism has significantly influenced modern literary criticism by establishing foundational concepts regarding the relationship between art, morality, and criticism. Its advocacy for a reasoned approach to evaluating literature continues to resonate with contemporary critics who seek to balance subjective interpretation with established standards. Additionally, Pope's exploration of human fallibility remains relevant as it encourages ongoing reflection about biases in criticism. The work's enduring legacy lies in its call for a thoughtful understanding of literary art, prompting critics to consider both form and substance in their evaluations.

Related terms

Neoclassicism: A literary and artistic movement that emerged in the late 17th and 18th centuries, characterized by a return to classical ideals of harmony, restraint, and rationality.

Imitation: The neoclassical belief that great art must draw inspiration from the works of classical authors and strive to emulate their style and form.

Didacticism: The quality of being intended to teach, particularly in literature, where works often aim to instruct readers in moral lessons.