American Independence

Definition

American independence refers to the formal separation of the thirteen colonies from British rule, culminating in the Declaration of Independence in 1776. This pivotal event marked the colonies' transition from a collection of British subjects to a unified nation asserting its right to self-governance, freedom, and sovereignty. The struggle for independence was characterized by military conflicts, ideological battles, and the establishment of a new political identity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Declaration of Independence was primarily authored by Thomas Jefferson and articulated the colonies' grievances against King George III.
2. The American Revolutionary War officially began in April 1775 and was marked by key battles such as Lexington and Concord, Bunker Hill, and Saratoga.
3. The Surrender at Yorktown in 1781 was a decisive victory for the American forces, leading to the eventual recognition of independence by Britain.
4. Support from foreign nations, particularly France, played a crucial role in securing American independence through military assistance and resources.
5. The establishment of independence led to the creation of a new governmental framework, ultimately resulting in the Articles of Confederation and later the U.S. Constitution.

Review Questions

• How did the events leading up to the Declaration of Independence shape the desire for American independence?
  • The events leading up to the Declaration of Independence, such as British taxation without representation and oppressive laws like the Intolerable Acts, fueled resentment among colonists. These grievances united disparate colonies and spurred revolutionary sentiment. The growing belief that they were entitled to self-governance culminated in the decision to declare independence, as they sought to articulate their rights and justify their separation from British rule.
• Evaluate the significance of military victories during the Revolutionary War in achieving American independence.
  • Military victories during the Revolutionary War were crucial for achieving American independence as they boosted morale and demonstrated that colonial forces could successfully confront British troops. Notable victories, such as at Saratoga, convinced France to enter the war as an ally, providing essential support that helped turn the tide against Britain. The final victory at Yorktown effectively sealed British defeat and paved the way for formal negotiations regarding American independence.
• Assess how American independence influenced other countries and movements around the world in terms of governance and self-determination.
  • American independence served as an inspirational model for other countries and movements advocating for self-determination and democratic governance. The success of the American Revolution encouraged revolutionary movements in France and Latin America, where citizens sought to overthrow oppressive regimes and establish their own governments. Additionally, principles outlined in documents like the Declaration of Independence contributed to discussions about human rights and individual freedoms globally, influencing future constitutional developments and struggles for autonomy.

Related terms

Declaration of Independence: The document adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared the thirteen American colonies as independent states free from British rule.

Continental Army: The military force formed by the colonies during the American Revolution, led by George Washington, tasked with fighting against British forces.

Treaty of Paris (1783): The agreement that officially ended the American Revolutionary War and recognized American independence from Britain.