Battle of Yorktown

Definition

The Battle of Yorktown was the last major military engagement of the American Revolutionary War, taking place from September 28 to October 19, 1781. This decisive battle marked the culmination of a series of military actions that ultimately led to British surrender and played a critical role in securing American independence. The victory at Yorktown was achieved through a coordinated effort of American and French forces, demonstrating the effectiveness of their alliance against British troops.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Battle of Yorktown involved approximately 17,000 American and French troops besieging General Cornwallis's 9,000 British soldiers.
2. The successful use of artillery and trench warfare tactics by the besieging forces helped to secure a quick victory during the siege.
3. The French navy played a crucial role in preventing British reinforcements from reaching Yorktown, ensuring the success of the siege.
4. Cornwallis's surrender on October 19, 1781, effectively marked the end of major hostilities in the Revolutionary War.
5. The battle led to increased support for the American cause both domestically and internationally, contributing to negotiations for peace.

Review Questions

• How did the collaboration between American and French forces influence the outcome of the Battle of Yorktown?
  • The collaboration between American and French forces was pivotal in securing victory at Yorktown. The combined army, under the command of George Washington and with significant contributions from French General Rochambeau, effectively besieged British General Cornwallis’s troops. This partnership not only provided numerical superiority but also strategic support in terms of artillery and naval blockade, which ultimately forced Cornwallis to surrender.
• Discuss the military strategies employed during the Battle of Yorktown that led to a decisive American victory.
  • During the Battle of Yorktown, effective military strategies included a well-coordinated siege that utilized trench warfare tactics and heavy artillery bombardment. The Americans and French constructed trenches to approach British fortifications while simultaneously employing cannons to weaken defenses. This method gradually isolated Cornwallis’s forces and cut off supplies, culminating in a successful encirclement that left the British with no option but to surrender.
• Evaluate the significance of the Battle of Yorktown in shaping post-war relations between America and France.
  • The Battle of Yorktown was significant not only for its immediate military outcome but also for shaping future diplomatic relations between America and France. The successful cooperation during this battle solidified France’s role as a key ally, fostering goodwill that led to stronger political and military ties post-war. As a result, this alliance paved the way for future cooperation between the two nations, influencing international politics and trade agreements in the years following American independence.

Related terms

George Washington: The Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, who played a crucial role in leading American forces to victory at Yorktown.

Siege: A military strategy involving surrounding and blockading a fortified position to compel the surrender of its defenders, as seen during the siege at Yorktown.

Treaty of Paris 1783: The agreement that officially ended the American Revolutionary War, confirming American independence and outlining territorial boundaries.