Slaves

Definition

Slaves in ancient Greek society were individuals who were owned by others and lacked personal freedom, often being forced to work for their masters without pay. This institution played a crucial role in the economy and social hierarchy of ancient Greece, impacting citizenship and political participation as slaves were excluded from these civic privileges and responsibilities.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In ancient Greece, the majority of slaves were acquired through war, piracy, or trade, and they could be of various ethnic backgrounds.
2. Slaves performed essential roles in agriculture, domestic service, and skilled labor, significantly contributing to the economy while remaining politically powerless.
3. Although some slaves could earn their freedom or be manumitted by their masters, the vast majority lived without personal rights and could not participate in political life.
4. The relationship between masters and slaves varied; while some were treated well, many endured harsh conditions and abuse.
5. Aristotle famously argued that some people are 'natural slaves,' suggesting a philosophical justification for slavery based on the belief that certain individuals are suited to serve others.

Review Questions

• How did the institution of slavery influence the concept of citizenship in ancient Greece?
  • The institution of slavery had a profound impact on the concept of citizenship in ancient Greece by establishing clear boundaries between free citizens and those who were enslaved. Citizens enjoyed rights such as participation in political decision-making and legal matters, while slaves were entirely excluded from these privileges. This exclusion reinforced social hierarchies and emphasized the importance of citizenship as a marker of status and privilege within Greek society.
• Discuss the economic roles that slaves played in ancient Greek society and how these roles affected their treatment by masters.
  • Slaves occupied vital roles within ancient Greek society, often working in agriculture, crafts, or domestic service. Their contributions were essential for sustaining the economy, which sometimes led to better treatment from masters who relied on them for productivity. However, the nature of their work did not guarantee humane conditions; many slaves faced harsh treatment depending on the attitudes and circumstances of their owners. Thus, while they could be valuable assets to households, their lack of rights meant they remained vulnerable to exploitation.
• Evaluate Aristotle's views on slavery in relation to the broader implications for political participation in ancient Greece.
  • Aristotle's views on slavery posited that some individuals are 'natural slaves' suited to serve others, providing a philosophical basis for the institution. This perspective contributed to justifying the exclusion of slaves from political participation and citizenship rights in ancient Greece. By framing slavery as a natural condition for certain people, Aristotle reinforced existing social hierarchies and undermined arguments against slavery. Consequently, his ideas not only shaped attitudes toward slavery but also reflected the broader implications for political life, where freedom and participation were reserved exclusively for a select group of citizens.

Related terms

Chattel slavery: A form of slavery where individuals are treated as personal property of an owner, who can buy, sell, or trade them.

Citizenship: The status of being a recognized member of a political community, which granted individuals certain rights and responsibilities, excluding slaves in ancient Greece.

Oikos: The household or family unit in ancient Greece that often included slaves as part of its economic and social structure.