Anglo-Saxon

Definition

The term Anglo-Saxon refers to the cultural group that inhabited England from the 5th to the 12th centuries, primarily composed of Germanic tribes such as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. This period was marked by the establishment of various kingdoms, the spread of Christianity, and the development of a distinct English identity that laid the groundwork for modern England.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Anglo-Saxons migrated to England after the fall of Roman Britain, beginning around the 5th century, and established several kingdoms that dominated the region.
2. Christianity played a significant role in Anglo-Saxon society, with missionaries like Augustine of Canterbury converting many tribes and influencing culture and governance.
3. The Anglo-Saxon period saw the creation of key literary works, including 'Beowulf,' which reflects both the culture and values of early medieval England.
4. In 1066, the Norman Conquest marked a significant change for Anglo-Saxon England, leading to the decline of their influence and the introduction of Norman culture.
5. Anglo-Saxon law and governance laid foundational principles for later English legal systems, including concepts such as trial by jury and local governance through community assemblies.

Review Questions

• How did the migration of Anglo-Saxons influence the social structure and governance in early medieval England?
  • The migration of Anglo-Saxons led to the establishment of various kingdoms, which created a decentralized social structure where local rulers had significant power. This fragmentation resulted in a system known as the Heptarchy, where each kingdom operated independently but shared common cultural traits. The influence of tribal customs blended with emerging Christian values shaped governance practices during this time.
• Analyze how Christianity transformed Anglo-Saxon culture and society during their rule in England.
  • Christianity brought significant transformation to Anglo-Saxon culture by introducing new moral frameworks and educational practices. Monasteries became centers of learning and literacy, preserving many texts from this era. Additionally, the alignment with Christianity fostered political stability as kings often sought legitimacy through their Christian faith, leading to alliances with powerful church figures that further integrated religion into governance.
• Evaluate the impact of the Norman Conquest on Anglo-Saxon identity and its lasting effects on English culture.
  • The Norman Conquest in 1066 had a profound impact on Anglo-Saxon identity by effectively ending their political power and cultural dominance in England. The introduction of Norman customs, language, and feudalism reshaped society drastically. Despite this shift, many elements of Anglo-Saxon heritage endured, influencing aspects of English law, language development into Middle English, and cultural traditions that are still evident today.

Related terms

Heptarchy: The term used to describe the seven principal kingdoms established by Anglo-Saxon tribes in England: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex, and Wessex.

Old English: The early form of the English language used by the Anglo-Saxons, characterized by its unique grammar and vocabulary, and which evolved over time into Middle English.

Bede: A prominent Anglo-Saxon monk and historian known for his work 'Ecclesiastical History of the English People,' which provides valuable insight into early English history and culture.