Contrast: Contrast involves using differences in value, color, texture, shape, or size between elements to create visual interest and make them stand out from each other.
Repetition: Repetition involves using recurring visual elements such as shapes, colors, lines, or patterns throughout an artwork. It helps create unity by establishing consistency and rhythm.
Harmony: Harmony is achieved when all elements in an artwork complement each other aesthetically. It involves using similar colors, shapes, or styles to create a sense of unity and balance.