Fiscal Policy: Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and taxation policies to influence the overall economy.
Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs): Structural adjustment programs are economic policies imposed by international financial institutions on developing countries as conditions for receiving financial assistance.
Welfare State: A welfare state is a system in which the government plays a key role in protecting and promoting the economic well-being of its citizens through social programs, such as healthcare, education, and unemployment benefits.