syntax error: A syntax error occurs when the structure or grammar of the source code is incorrect. These errors prevent successful compilation because they violate the rules of the programming language.
runtime error: A runtime error occurs during program execution when something unexpected happens, such as dividing by zero or accessing an invalid memory location. These errors don't prevent successful compilation but can cause program crashes or incorrect behavior.
debugging: Debugging is the process of finding and fixing errors or bugs in your program. It involves analyzing and tracing through code to identify and resolve issues.