Authorization: Authorization follows authentication and determines what actions or resources an authenticated user can access within a system or network. It defines permissions and restrictions based on the user's role or privileges.
Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Two-factor authentication adds an extra layer of security by requiring users to provide two different types of credentials for authentication. This typically involves something they know (e.g., password) and something they have (e.g., a unique code sent to their mobile device).
Biometrics: Biometrics refers to the measurement and analysis of unique physical characteristics or behavioral patterns for identification purposes. Examples include fingerprint recognition, facial recognition, iris scanning, and voice recognition.