Complex numbers are mathematical entities that consist of both real and imaginary parts. They are often used in scientific and engineering calculations.
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Real Numbers: Numbers that represent quantities on the number line, including integers, fractions, and irrational numbers.
Imaginary Numbers: Numbers that involve the square root of -1 (denoted by "i"). They don't exist on the number line but are essential in complex number calculations.
Polar Form: An alternative way to represent complex numbers using magnitude (distance from origin) and angle (direction).