American colonies

Definition

The American colonies were a group of territories established by European powers, primarily Britain, in North America from the early 17th century until the late 18th century. These colonies played a crucial role in shaping political, cultural, and economic developments that influenced both American and European history.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The American colonies were primarily established by the English along the Atlantic coast, with significant settlements in Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania.
2. The colonies had diverse economies, ranging from agriculture in the Southern colonies to trade and commerce in the Northern colonies.
3. Cultural influences from England shaped colonial society, but there was also significant influence from Indigenous peoples and African slaves.
4. Tensions between the American colonies and Britain increased in the mid-18th century due to taxation without representation and restrictive trade policies.
5. The American Revolution, which began in 1775, was fueled by discontent in the colonies over British rule and ultimately led to independence in 1783.

Review Questions

• How did the establishment of the American colonies influence political developments back in Britain?
  • The establishment of the American colonies significantly influenced political developments in Britain by creating new opportunities for trade, resource extraction, and territorial expansion. As colonial economies grew, they provided Britain with wealth and resources which strengthened its global power. However, this wealth also led to increased control and regulation by Britain, culminating in tensions that would spark revolutionary sentiments among colonists advocating for greater political autonomy.
• Evaluate how mercantilism shaped colonial policies and economic practices in the American colonies.
  • Mercantilism shaped colonial policies by promoting regulations that ensured the colonies served as sources of raw materials for Britain while also providing markets for British manufactured goods. This economic theory led to practices like the Navigation Acts, which restricted colonial trade to English ships and imposed taxes on imports. The resulting economic dependence fostered resentment among colonists who felt their economic freedom was being curtailed, ultimately contributing to revolutionary sentiments.
• Analyze how salutary neglect contributed to the eventual desire for independence among the American colonies.
  • Salutary neglect allowed the American colonies significant autonomy regarding governance and trade practices, fostering a sense of independence and self-reliance among colonists. This leniency led to the development of local political structures and a distinct colonial identity. However, as Britain began to tighten control post-1763 with new taxes and regulations, many colonists felt betrayed, viewing these actions as a violation of their rights. This growing frustration culminated in a strong desire for independence as they sought to reclaim their previously enjoyed freedoms.

Related terms

Mercantilism: An economic theory that emphasizes the importance of accumulating wealth through trade and establishing colonies to provide resources and markets for the mother country.

Navigation Acts: A series of laws enacted by the British Parliament that regulated colonial trade and enabled England to collect taxes from the colonies.

Salutary Neglect: An unofficial British policy that allowed the American colonies considerable freedom in economic and political matters as long as they remained loyal to the British crown.