American Revolutionary War

Definition

The American Revolutionary War was a conflict between the thirteen American colonies and Great Britain from 1775 to 1783, where the colonies sought independence from British rule. This war emerged from growing tensions over British colonial policies, taxation without representation, and Enlightenment ideas that inspired the quest for self-governance and liberty. The outcome of the war not only resulted in the establishment of the United States but also marked a significant shift in Britain's global influence.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The war began with the Battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775, which marked the first military engagements between colonial militias and British troops.
2. Key figures such as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin played significant roles in leading the colonies to victory and shaping the new nation.
3. The war was supported by foreign alliances, notably with France, which provided military assistance and resources to the American cause after the victory at Saratoga in 1777.
4. The American Revolutionary War led to significant social changes, including increased calls for individual rights and a questioning of traditional hierarchies, such as monarchy and aristocracy.
5. The aftermath of the war saw the drafting of the U.S. Constitution in 1787, establishing a federal government and addressing issues such as representation, checks and balances, and individual liberties.

Review Questions

• How did Enlightenment ideas influence the motivations behind the American Revolutionary War?
  • Enlightenment ideas played a crucial role in shaping the motivations for independence during the American Revolutionary War. Philosophers like John Locke introduced concepts such as natural rights, social contracts, and government by consent, which resonated with colonists feeling oppressed by British rule. These ideas fueled demands for liberty and self-governance, leading to revolutionary sentiment that questioned traditional authority.
• Evaluate the impact of foreign alliances on the outcome of the American Revolutionary War.
  • Foreign alliances were pivotal to the success of the American Revolutionary War. The most notable support came from France, which provided essential military assistance following the American victory at Saratoga in 1777. French troops and naval power helped turn the tide against Britain, culminating in the decisive victory at Yorktown in 1781. This involvement demonstrated how international support was crucial for securing American independence.
• Analyze how the American Revolutionary War set a precedent for future movements for independence around the world.
  • The American Revolutionary War established a significant precedent for future independence movements globally by showcasing that a successful revolt against colonial powers was possible. The principles articulated in the Declaration of Independence inspired revolutionary leaders in various countries, including France and Latin America, leading to similar struggles for self-determination and democratic governance. The war's outcome encouraged widespread belief in Enlightenment ideals and helped ignite aspirations for liberty in diverse contexts.

Related terms

Declaration of Independence: A document adopted on July 4, 1776, that proclaimed the thirteen colonies as independent states free from British rule, outlining their grievances against King George III.

Continental Congress: A series of legislative assemblies formed by representatives from the American colonies that coordinated resistance against British policies and ultimately declared independence.

Treaty of Paris (1783): The agreement that formally ended the American Revolutionary War, recognizing the sovereignty of the United States and establishing its borders.