Charles Dickens' "A Tale of Two Cities"

Definition

'A Tale of Two Cities' is a historical novel by Charles Dickens, published in 1859, that explores themes of resurrection, sacrifice, and the stark contrasts between London and Paris during the tumultuous period of the French Revolution. The narrative emphasizes the social injustices and class struggles of the time, reflecting the anxieties of 19th-century society as it faced rapid change and upheaval.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. 'A Tale of Two Cities' features famous opening lines: 'It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,' which sets the tone for the novel's exploration of duality and contrast.
2. The story revolves around key characters such as Charles Darnay, a French aristocrat, and Sydney Carton, a dissolute English lawyer, who ultimately makes a heroic sacrifice.
3. The novel portrays the brutal realities of the French Revolution, including the Reign of Terror, highlighting the impact of violence and revenge on society.
4. Dickens uses imagery and symbolism throughout the novel, with themes such as resurrection represented through characters who experience transformative journeys.
5. The narrative structure alternates between London and Paris, illustrating not only geographical contrasts but also differing responses to social upheaval and tyranny.

Review Questions

• How does Dickens use the characters in 'A Tale of Two Cities' to represent broader themes related to social justice and class struggles?
  • 'A Tale of Two Cities' presents characters like Charles Darnay and Sydney Carton to highlight the profound effects of social injustice. Darnay's noble lineage contrasts with his desire to break free from aristocratic privilege, while Carton's journey from wasted potential to self-sacrifice illustrates personal redemption. Through their arcs, Dickens critiques the class disparities present in both England and France during this era, emphasizing how individual choices can reflect broader societal issues.
• In what ways does 'A Tale of Two Cities' reflect the anxieties of 19th-century society regarding revolution and change?
  • 'A Tale of Two Cities' mirrors 19th-century anxieties about revolution by showcasing the drastic shifts brought about by the French Revolution. The fear of mob rule and violence resonates with Victorian readers who were witnessing their own social changes. Dickens juxtaposes London’s stability against Paris's chaos to evoke a sense of unease about potential upheaval in England. This exploration prompts readers to consider the consequences of unchecked societal tensions and urges a more humane approach to social reform.
• Evaluate how Dickens' portrayal of sacrifice in 'A Tale of Two Cities' serves as a commentary on personal responsibility amidst societal turmoil.
  • 'A Tale of Two Cities' emphasizes sacrifice through Sydney Carton's ultimate act of heroism at the end. His willingness to give his life for Darnay’s freedom speaks volumes about personal responsibility within a chaotic world. By framing Carton’s actions as a path to redemption, Dickens suggests that individuals have a moral obligation to contribute positively to society. This commentary prompts readers to reflect on their own roles during periods of crisis, encouraging a collective effort towards understanding and compassion in face of societal strife.

Related terms

French Revolution: A period of radical social and political change in France from 1789 to 1799, marked by the rise of the Third Estate, the fall of the monarchy, and widespread violence.

Victorian Era: The period of Queen Victoria's reign from 1837 to 1901, characterized by industrial progress, social reform movements, and a focus on morality and family values.

Social Criticism: The practice of exposing and analyzing social issues and injustices through literature, often with the aim of inspiring change or raising awareness.