European Conservatism

Definition

European Conservatism is a political and social philosophy that emphasizes the preservation of traditional institutions, customs, and values, often advocating for a gradual evolution of society rather than abrupt change. It arose as a response to the upheaval caused by the French Revolution and the rise of liberal ideas, seeking to maintain stability in Europe through the support of monarchy, the church, and aristocracy.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. European Conservatism gained traction after the French Revolution as conservatives sought to counteract the radical changes brought by liberal and revolutionary ideologies.
2. The Concert of Europe was a system established by major powers to maintain peace and stability, heavily influenced by conservative principles that prioritized monarchy and traditional authority.
3. Conservatives believed that social change should occur organically rather than through revolution, arguing that traditions are essential for societal stability.
4. Key figures like Edmund Burke laid the groundwork for conservative thought by advocating for gradual reform and skepticism towards radical ideologies.
5. The conservative reaction to nationalism and liberalism led to significant political developments throughout the 19th century, including a push for censorship and authoritarian rule in various European states.

Review Questions

• How did European Conservatism respond to the changes brought about by the French Revolution?
  • European Conservatism emerged as a direct response to the chaos and upheaval caused by the French Revolution. Conservatives sought to protect traditional institutions like monarchy and the church, viewing these as stabilizing forces in society. They believed that sudden changes could lead to disorder and advocated for maintaining existing social hierarchies while promoting gradual reforms instead of revolutionary transformations.
• Discuss how the Concert of Europe reflected the principles of European Conservatism in its attempts to maintain peace after the Napoleonic Wars.
  • The Concert of Europe was established by major powers following the Napoleonic Wars to create a framework for diplomatic cooperation aimed at preserving peace. This system embodied conservative principles as it sought to restore monarchies and counteract revolutionary movements across Europe. By prioritizing collaboration among great powers and suppressing nationalist uprisings, the Concert aimed to stabilize Europe under conservative ideals while preventing another wave of radical change.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of European Conservatism on political developments in Europe throughout the 19th century.
  • European Conservatism had significant long-term effects on political developments throughout the 19th century by fostering an environment resistant to liberal reforms. Conservatives often implemented censorship and repressive measures against burgeoning nationalist movements, which sometimes led to social unrest. The tension between conservative policies and emerging liberal ideologies eventually contributed to revolutions and reform movements, shaping modern European politics by balancing tradition with demands for change.

Related terms

Liberalism: A political ideology that champions individual liberties, democracy, and equal rights, often opposing conservative views that resist change.

Reactionary Politics: Political movements or ideologies that seek to return to a previous state of society or governance, typically in response to perceived threats from liberal or progressive changes.

Restoration: The period following the Napoleonic Wars where European monarchies were reestablished in an effort to restore the old order and suppress revolutionary movements.