'In Praise of Folly'

Definition

'In Praise of Folly' is a satirical essay written by Erasmus of Rotterdam in 1509, which critiques the corrupt practices and foolishness within society, particularly targeting the church and various human behaviors. This work reflects the spirit of the Renaissance by emphasizing humanism and questioning established norms, encouraging readers to seek wisdom through reason rather than blind adherence to tradition.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. 'In Praise of Folly' was written in Latin and first published in 1511, quickly gaining popularity and influencing thinkers across Europe.
2. The central character, Folly, personifies foolishness and delivers a speech that highlights the absurdities found in society, particularly among scholars, clergy, and nobility.
3. Erasmus uses humor to challenge the values of his time, promoting a call for reform in the church while also advocating for a more thoughtful and virtuous society.
4. The work reflects Renaissance ideals by blending classical knowledge with contemporary issues, showcasing a shift towards critical thinking and individualism.
5. Erasmus's satire paved the way for later Reformation thinkers by questioning traditional beliefs and practices, setting the stage for significant religious transformations in Europe.

Review Questions

• How does 'In Praise of Folly' embody the principles of Renaissance humanism?
  • 'In Praise of Folly' embodies Renaissance humanism by emphasizing the importance of critical thought and self-reflection. Erasmus encourages readers to question societal norms and the hypocrisy present within religious institutions. By using Folly as a character to reveal these truths, he promotes the idea that wisdom can be achieved through reason rather than mere acceptance of tradition.
• What are some specific criticisms made by Erasmus in 'In Praise of Folly' regarding the church and its practices?
  • 'In Praise of Folly' critiques various aspects of the church, including the corruption among clergy members who prioritize wealth over spiritual guidance. Erasmus highlights the foolishness of indulgences and rituals that distract from true faith. Through satire, he calls out scholars who misuse their education for personal gain rather than uplifting society, urging for reform within both the church and broader society.
• Evaluate the impact of 'In Praise of Folly' on the Reformation and its significance in European thought during the Renaissance.
  • 'In Praise of Folly' had a significant impact on the Reformation by challenging established religious practices and encouraging a spirit of inquiry among believers. Its satirical critique resonated with reformers like Martin Luther, who sought to address similar issues within the church. This work not only influenced religious thought but also contributed to a broader cultural shift towards individualism and critical analysis, laying foundational ideas for modern Western thought.

Related terms

Erasmus: A Dutch philosopher and humanist who was a leading figure of the Renaissance, known for his critical writings on the church and advocacy for educational reform.

Humanism: An intellectual movement that emerged during the Renaissance, focusing on the study of classical texts and emphasizing human potential and achievements.

Satire: A literary technique that uses humor, irony, or ridicule to criticize or mock individuals, institutions, or societal norms.