Republicanism: A political ideology centered on the belief that a government should be based on the consent of the governed and that representatives should be accountable to the public.
Absolutism: A political system in which a single ruler, often a monarch, holds supreme authority and power, with little or no legal limitation from governing institutions.
Enlightenment: An intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority, leading to new ideas about governance and human rights.