Baker v. Carr was a landmark Supreme Court case in 1962 that decided federal courts have jurisdiction to hear constitutional challenges to state apportionment laws (how states distribute their legislative seats).
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One Person One Vote Principle: A principle established by decisions like Baker v. Carr, stating that all citizens' votes should have equal weight.
Reynolds v. Sims: A 1964 Supreme Court case that further established the "one person, one vote" principle by ruling state senate districts must be roughly equal in population.
Justiciable: Refers to matters that are appropriate for court review. Baker v. Carr determined apportionment issues were justiciable.