Jim Crow laws: These were state and local laws in the United States that enforced racial segregation after Reconstruction until the mid-20th century.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): This Supreme Court case established the "separate but equal" doctrine, allowing for racially segregated facilities as long as they were deemed equal in quality.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954): In this landmark case, the Supreme Court ruled that racially segregated public schools were unconstitutional, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine.