An election year is any year in which an election is held at any level of government. In the context of US politics, it typically refers to years when presidential elections take place.
Related terms
Midterm Elections: Midterm elections are national elections held halfway through a president's four-year term. During midterm years, voters elect members for Congress (House Representatives and some Senators) along with state and local officials.
Incumbent: Incumbent refers to the current holder (officeholder) of an elected position who seeks re-election during their term.
Primary Elections: Primary elections are preliminary elections held by political parties to select their candidates for a general election. These usually occur before a presidential or congressional election.