Due Process Clause: This clause in the 14th Amendment protects citizens from arbitrary denial of life, liberty or property by government - it's like an extra safety measure for our trapeze artists.
Incorporation Doctrine: This legal principle applies Bill of Rights protections to state laws - kind of like extending our safety net to cover all performances at different venues (states).
Jim Crow Laws: These were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in Southern United States until 1965 - imagine if they tried to separate trapeze artists based on their costume colors; this would be unfair and against the spirit of equal protection offered by our safety net (the 14th amendment).