Judicial Activism: This term refers to an approach where judges actively shape policy by interpreting the Constitution broadly, even if it means deviating from precedent or legislative intent.
Judicial Restraint: This term refers to an approach where judges limit their role to strictly interpreting the law based on original intent, precedent, and deference to other branches of government.
Precedent: Precedent is an earlier legal decision that serves as a guide for similar future cases. Judges often rely on precedents when making decisions.