Political Apathy: Indifference or lack of interest in political affairs. This can contribute to a lack of citizen participation.
Low Voter Turnout: When a small percentage of eligible voters actually cast their ballots during elections. It is one indicator of a lack of citizen participation.
Democracy Deficit: Refers to a situation where citizens' voices are not adequately heard or represented in the decision-making processes of government institutions. It can result from a lack of citizen participation.