Factions: Factions are groups or individuals with shared interests that can potentially harm the rights of others or undermine the goals of government.
Anti-Federalists: Anti-Federalists were opponents of the U.S. Constitution who argued against its ratification, often disagreeing with Madison's arguments.
Ratification: Ratification refers to the formal approval or acceptance of something, such as a constitution or a treaty, by vote or consensus. In this case, it specifically relates to whether states would approve and adopt the U.S. Constitution.