Civil Rights: Civil rights refer to the basic individual rights guaranteed by law that protect individuals from discrimination based on characteristics such as race, gender, religion, or national origin.
Affirmative Action: Affirmative action refers to policies or programs aimed at promoting equal opportunities for historically disadvantaged groups in areas such as education or employment.
Equal Protection Clause: The Equal Protection Clause is part of the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution that prohibits states from denying any person within their jurisdiction equal protection under the law.