Polarization: Polarization refers to the increasing ideological distance between political parties or individuals. It describes how parties become more extreme in their beliefs and less willing to compromise.
Gridlock: Gridlock occurs when there is an inability to pass legislation due to disagreements between political parties or branches of government. This can result from the modern partisan divide as it hinders cooperation and compromise.
Party Loyalty: Party loyalty refers to the strong allegiance that members of a political party have towards their respective party. It influences voting behavior and party unity within Congress.