Enumerated Powers: These are specific powers granted to the federal government by the Constitution, such as regulating interstate commerce or coining money.
Reserved Powers: These are powers not specifically granted to the federal government but reserved for state governments. Examples include establishing local governments and conducting elections.
Elastic Clause (Necessary and Proper Clause): This clause allows Congress to make laws deemed necessary and proper to carry out its enumerated powers. It expands federal power beyond what is explicitly stated in the Constitution.