Initiatives: Initiatives are similar to referenda but are typically started by citizens themselves instead of the government. They allow citizens to propose new laws or changes to existing laws and require signatures from a certain number of voters to appear on the ballot.
Participation: In the context of direct democracy mechanisms like referenda, participation refers to active involvement and engagement of citizens in voting and decision-making processes. It emphasizes the importance of individuals exercising their right to vote and having their voices heard.
Public Opinion: Public opinion refers to the collective views, attitudes, and preferences of individuals within society regarding specific issues or policies. Direct democracy mechanisms like referenda aim to gauge public opinion accurately through voting and provide an opportunity for citizens' voices to be reflected in decision-making.