This is the highest level of scrutiny applied by courts when evaluating laws that interfere with fundamental constitutional rights. The law must serve a "compelling governmental interest," and be "narrowly tailored" to achieve that interest.
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Fundamental Rights: These are basic rights considered essential by the nature of our democratic society, such as freedom of speech or religion.
Compelling Government Interest: A purpose important enough that it justifies infringement on personal liberties or rights.
Narrow Tailoring: A requirement that a law be written to specifically fulfill only its intended goals without unnecessarily infringing on individuals' rights.