Urban Sprawl: Urban sprawl refers to the rapid expansion of urban areas into surrounding rural or undeveloped lands. It often involves low-density development, spread-out communities, and increased reliance on automobiles.
Traffic Congestion: Traffic congestion occurs when there is an excessive number of vehicles on the road, leading to slower speeds, longer travel times, and increased frustration for drivers.
Public Transportation: Public transportation includes various modes such as buses, trains, trams, and subways that are available for use by the general public. It provides an alternative to individual car usage and helps reduce traffic congestion.