Transportation Infrastructure: Transportation infrastructure includes roads, railways, airports, ports, etc., that facilitate the movement of goods and people. It helps reduce the friction of distance by improving connectivity.
Communication Technology: Communication technology refers to tools and systems that enable the exchange of information over long distances, such as telephones, internet, and social media. It reduces the effects of friction of distance by facilitating communication across space.
Time-Space Compression: Time-space compression is the concept that advancements in transportation and communication technologies have made distant places feel closer together in terms of time required for travel or interaction. It counters the effects of friction of distance.