Acculturation: The process by which an individual or group adopts certain elements of another culture while still retaining their own distinct identity.
Colonialism: The establishment and maintenance of political control over foreign territories. Colonial powers often imposed their own culture on the colonized populations, leading to cultural diffusion.
Cultural Assimilation: The process by which individuals or groups adopt the culture of another society and become fully integrated into it, often losing their original cultural identity in the process.