Immigration: Immigration refers to the movement of people from one country to another with the intention of settling permanently. It can help address labor shortages by bringing in new workers from other countries.
Automation: Automation involves using technology and machines to perform tasks that were previously done by humans. By automating certain jobs, labor shortages can be alleviated as machines take over repetitive or physically demanding tasks.
Flexible Work Arrangements: Flexible work arrangements include practices such as part-time work, job sharing, and remote work. These arrangements provide alternative ways for individuals, including retirees, to contribute to the workforce and mitigate labor shortages.