Language Family: A language family consists of related languages derived from a common ancestral language. For example, Romance languages (Spanish, French) belong to the Indo-European language family.
Linguistic Fragmentation: Linguistic fragmentation occurs when there are numerous small linguistic groups within a given region. It indicates high language diversity but may pose challenges for communication and unity.
Language Endangerment: Language endangerment refers to situations where a particular language is at risk of disappearing due to declining number of speakers or lack of intergenerational transmission.