Microclimate: A microclimate refers to localized climatic conditions that differ from surrounding areas due to unique features such as topography or human influence. Examples include a shady corner of a backyard or the climate within a city compared to its rural surroundings.
Urban Heat Island: An urban heat island is an area in which urbanization and human activities result in higher temperatures compared to surrounding rural areas. Deforestation can exacerbate the urban heat island effect by reducing tree cover and shading.
Rain Shadow Effect: The rain shadow effect occurs when mountains block moisture from reaching certain areas, leading to drier conditions on the leeward side of the mountains. Deforestation can disrupt this natural phenomenon by altering wind patterns and reducing forest cover that helps retain moisture.