Feudalism: A social system in which land is exchanged for loyalty and service. For example, knights would protect their lords' lands in exchange for protection and resources.
Monarchy: A form of government where power is vested in a single ruler (king or queen) who inherits their position. In medieval Europe, monarchs held significant authority over their territories.
Bubonic Plague: A devastating epidemic that swept across Europe during the 14th century, causing widespread death and social upheaval. It had profound impacts on population dynamics and labor relations.