Partitioning refers to the division or separation of a country or region into two or more separate entities. In the case of India, it refers to the division of British India into two independent states, India and Pakistan, in 1947.
Related terms
Secession: Secession is when a region within a country decides to break away and become an independent state.
Balkanization: Balkanization is the process by which a larger country or region breaks up into smaller ones due to conflicts and differences among its people.
Demarcation: Demarcation refers to marking boundaries or lines that separate different territories or regions. In the case of partitioning, demarcation was used to establish borders between India and Pakistan.